Document Type
Article
Publication Date
3-2018
Department
Economics
Language
English
Publication Title
Ecological Economics
Abstract
Studies find that per capita carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions decrease with household size and urban density. The demographic trends of declining household size and dense urbanization therefore produce countervailing effects with respect to emissions. We posit that both household and urban economies are driven by proximity and realized through sharing carbon-intensive goods. With detailed data from the United States Consumer Expenditure Survey, we construct a dataset of CO2 emissions at the household level and leverage a unique measure of residential density to estimate household and urban economies. Our estimates show that dense urban areas have per capita emissions roughly 20% lower than rural areas, and that adding an additional member to a household reduces per capita emissions by about 6%. We also find that household economies are about twice as large in rural areas as in dense urban areas and develop an explanation for this phenomenon. In theory, the carbon benefits of dense urbanization have the potential to offset the effects of declining household size. However, using historical US Census data and extrapolating from our estimates, we find that lost household economies have outpaced increased urban economies over the past fifty years.
DOI
10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.08.024
Recommended Citation
Fremstad, Anders; Underwood, Anthony; and Zahran, Sammy, "The Environmental Impact of Sharing: Household and Urban Economies in CO2 Emissions" (2018). Dickinson College Faculty Publications. Paper 853.
https://scholar.dickinson.edu/faculty_publications/853
Comments
Published as:
Fremstad, Anders, Anthony Underwood, and Sammy Zahran. "The Environmental Impact of Sharing: Household and Urban Economies in CO2 Emissions." Ecological Economics 145 (2018): 137-147. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800917300721
This author post-print is made available on Dickinson Scholar with the permission of the publisher. For more information on the published version, visit Science Direct's Website.